No Manipulatives Days

These have been our math manipulatives for the last couple of weeks. Here they are lined up from largest to smallest.

We usually use a lot of manipulatives with my son. But not this week. It was interesting to see how a 5-year old deals with something very abstract, such as numbers.

Last week, while grocery shopping, I asked him what was bigger, 8 or 14. Without hesitation he responded that 14 was bigger. Distractedly, I asked him why did he think so. The answer was “14 is bigger because I can count to 8, but I can’t count to 14”. The reasoning sounded both unexpected and logical to me.

This week started with my son asking me to write down a story he made up about his collection of toy garbage trucks. It started with

At first Mark had 0 garbage trucks. Then he found out about them, started watching videos about them. Then he had 1 garbage truck. Then he had 2 garbage trucks because he got a gift from a store. Then he had 3 garbage trucks…

on and on it went like this until he got to 7 because that’s how many trucks are in his collection. So it was basically a counting story.

Then today he wanted to write down the same story again, but I approached it differently. Instead of writing it down, I gave him a pencil and paper and we worked out some basic equations:

0+1 = 1

1+1 = 2

2+1 = 3

3+1 = 4

4+ 3= 7

(because he found 3 trucks at a garage sale all in one day)

After he was done writing it all down, he reviewed his work, then looked at me with a puzzled expression and asked “I don’t understand, Mom. Where are all the words?” Which gave me a chance to explain a bit about how equations can tell a story. He seemed to be happy to discover a way of writing things down in as few signs as possible.

Both stories seem trivial when I re-tell them. But when they happened, I was reminded of how abstract the concept of numbers and manipulating with numbers (as opposed to quantities) can be for a child. And for me, as an adult, it is a difficult one to relate to. It’s been a while since I was 5 years old. I simply don’t remember myself not knowing numbers. Do you?

 

 

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Posted in Grow

Greedy Triangle Math

We’ve had such a great time with Marilyn Burns’s The Greedy Triangle book that I want to share it here on the blog.

If you haven’t read this story, it is about a triangle that one day got tired of doing the same old things. It thought that if he only had one more side and one more angle, its life would become much more interesting. Luckily, a local shapeshifter was there to help and turned the triangle into a quadrilateral. Things went along just fine until one day the quadrilateral became unhappy again and went to ask for just one more side and one more angle. It was turned into a pentagon first, then – a hexagon and on and on.

So not only does this story helps a child understand better what a polygon is – a shape with sides that are straight line segments. But it helps children understand that polygons can have 3, 4, 5, 10 and more sides and angles.

This book is a great jumping-off point for many games and activities.

Shapes Scavenger Hunt – we looked for shapes from the book wherever we went, but also in our house (the story gives lots of examples).

Polygon Builder – try to build a polygon out of a certain number of craft sticks or crayons. What would this shape be called?

Polygon Races – this is just an extension of the Polygon Builder. The idea is pretty simple – once the shape is built, hot glue the craft sticks together. Build a few different polygons and try to figure out which one would roll faster and why. This led to a quick search on Internet for a square-wheeled bicycle and another one from the Museum of Mathematics and a bicycle from China that has both a pentagon wheel and a triangular one.

Geo Board Builder – this was largely a self-directed activity. We just had a geo board and rubber bands laying around.

Mirror Book Shapeshifter – the book has some suggested activities, including asking a child about why a shape with many sides and angles would roll more easily than a shape with fewer sides and angles. We used the two square mirrors taped together and set up as a mirror book to explore the answer. We taped a piece of painter’s tape on the table in front of the “book” and opened the mirror pages so that the tape and its reflections formed a triangle. Then we started closing the pages until an extra angle and an extra side was added. Wow, we were the shapeshifting magicians now!

At the end of the Mirror Book game, when we had too many angles and sides in our polygon to count, I asked my son why a shape with many sides would roll more easily than a shape with fewer sides. His answer was “it has all these short sides and it looks almost like a circle now“.

Now, we didn’t do all this in one day. Nor did any of the games last very long. We did read the book a dozen times or so in just three days. And then it was all over and my son moved on to different books. But a few days later he picked up a small flat rock on a walk, showed it to be happily and said “Mom, look, it’s a quadrilateral!” and it sure was!

As the author explains, the book’s main goal is to “engage and delight children, stimulate their imaginations”. She also reminds parents “At all times, follow the child’s lead.”

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Posted in Grow

Pre-K Money Math

I’ve started giving my 5-year old an allowance of $2 per week. Last week he didn’t get to spend any of his money. So before going to a flea market I reminded him that he had not $2, but $4 ($2 from last week and $2 from this week) in his “account”.

His first reaction was “Wow, that’s really a lot of money!”.  Next, he switched into his inquiring mode:

DS: “Can I spend all of it?”

Me: “Yes, but then next week you will only have $2”

DS: “Ok, what if I only spend $1 this week?”

Me: “Then you will have $3 left and then next week you’ll get $2 more. Do you know how much you will have?”

DS: “How much? A million?!”

Me: “Not quite. See if you can count on your fingers. Three and two more”

DS: “That is $5”

Me: “Yes. But that’s if you only spend $1 today. If you spend $2 today, you will have $2 left and will get $2 more next week for a total of … $4”.

DS (excitedly): “Mama, money is like mathematics!”

Me (even more excitedly): “How so, honey?!”

DS: “When you get money, it’s like addition. When you take money away, pay, it’s like subtraction!” (Jumping up and down now) “This is good. So like mathematics!”

This was a terrific moment of discovering math outside of our books and manipulatives (which are great, but not something you come across outside of a classroom or a teachers’ store).

So now I’m thinking about math games that involve money and making a list. So far I have this:

1. Sorting the contents of our piggy bank

2. Lining up pennies to show how many are in a nickel, a dime and a quarter (doing that with all coin denominations, actually)

3. Grouping pennies by 10 (since my son can count to 10 confidently) and figuring out how many groups of pennies we have.

4. Penny toss – this is an idea from Peggy Kaye’s “Games for Math” book. Draw a game board with 8 sections, each with a number between 1 and 10 in it. Then take turns tossing a penny onto the board. Take as many paperclips (or other small objects) as the number your penny lands on. Count your paperclips after 2 tosses to see who won.

5. Exponential penny toss – this is something that I saw here. It’s not exactly for little children, but I can’t imagine a 5-year old NOT having fun with an experiment where his parents actually ASK him to toss 100 pennies.

6. Since we’ve been talking about different geometric shapes lately (thanks to The Greedy Triangle book), we might try to see how many of the shapes can we build with 10 pennies. How about 20 pennies?

httpv://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYJ3TrDveE8

7. Origami – looks like my little guy needs a wallet now to hold all his money. So we’re going to make an origami wallet. Fortunately for me (since I’ll be doing most of the folding), it’s a simple project.

What money math games and activities have you tried with your kids? I’d love to hear about and add them to my list.

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Posted in Grow

Math Can’t Wait for Counting

The last few days my son’s play is full of numbers. All of a sudden he started noticing numbers everywhere, on and in everything.

He wants to know how big his collection of garbage trucks is. He also wants to know what “50” looks like.

Then he makes up a chant/game that goes “1 is a 1 and that’s how it is; 2 is a 2 and that’s how it is; 3 is a 3 and that’s how it is”, etc.

He tries to tell time on digital clocks and prices on price tags. He is amazed and thrilled when he notices a cornerstone with the number “2008” in the wall of our YMCA. “Wow, that’s a big number!” and then traces each numeral and names it out loud.

This is something totally new to both of us. Up until now my son expressed very little interest in numbers. Sure, he knew 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, but as he’d say himself, he counted “without enthusiasm” and going beyond 5 was a struggle. And now he routinely and willingly reaches beyond 10 in his own counting and asks me to count to 30, 50, 100.

What am I trying to say here? Well, one is that it seems not pushing him to rot count was worth it. More importantly, I had plenty of time and opportunities to learn first-hand that there is no reason to delay introducing a young child to math just because he doesn’t yet count or knows his numbers.

There are so many games and activities that kids who are too young to count can participate in. Sometimes we, the adults, think that if a child doesn’t know such a simple thing as numbers, he is not at all ready for “higher” math.

But since counting involves speech and keeping track of objects one by one, it develops together with words and with general spatial abilities. Most young children mix up names of counting numbers and can’t reliably keep track of which objects they have already counted and which they have not. As these skills develop, counting becomes easier too.

So I am glad that I haven’t waited to introduce functions, symmetry, fractals and more to my son. Hopefully now, with his interest in numbers and counting, we can take all these games and activities to the next level.

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Posted in Grow